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The English Legal SystemAnimals and the LawBusinessCivil ProcedureConsumerContract LawCriminal LawDiscrimination LawFamily LawFinancialImmigration and Nationality
Land and Housing LawLaw StudentsMedia LawMotoringPersonalPersonal Injury and Clinical NegligenceSports LawWelfare and BenefitsWills and Probate--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The English Legal SystemWhat is the difference between Criminal and Civil Law? The Constitution of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is often said to be a country without a written constitution, but this is not strictly true. Terminology of the ‘constructive trust;’ the ‘institutional’ constructive trust; the ‘remedial’ constructive trust Law classifications, civil and criminal law, case law, precedents The Rule of Law was said to be adopted as the “unwritten Constitution of Great Britain” When can a person be tried on indictment by a judge alone and what are the procedural differences over trial by jury? How will I be notified? What if I cannot afford to miss work? How to claim your expenses. Lay people and their role in the English legal system Lay magistrates and Juries Personal Liberty and a Miscarriage Every citizen in England and Wales is entitled to their personal liberty of Justice Several subcategories of power; Classification by the nature of the class of objects; Classification by donee’s duties What are they? When are they used? What is Statutory Interpretation? What rules apply to Statutory Interpretation, The Mischief Rule and relevant Case Law The right to be tried by a jury of your peers before your liberty is taken away from you. The Right to Peacefully Protest The right to a peaceful protest, marches and processions, organisers and advance notice, organiser InstitutionsWhat is the Charity Commission and what are its functions? The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) What is the European Court of Human Rights? What powers does it have in the UK? What rights does it cover? What is the High Court? What decisions does it take? Precedent and hierarchy. What changes were brought about with the introduction of the Legal Services Act 2007? Magistrates’ Court, advantages, disadvantages, cases, indictable. Moving a case to the Crown Court from the Magistrates' Court for trial What types of cases can be transferred for trial at the Crown Court? How can this be done. Can I choose where my trial is heard? Why is there currently a problem in the UK of increasing prison populations? What is the UK Supreme Court, its background, the Justices of the Supreme Court, accessibility to the Supreme Court LawyersWhat is a Barrister? What does a Barrister do? How to I become a Barrister? . Code of Conduct, professional misconduct, Bar Standards Board, ethics What is the Bar Pro Bono Unit? What does it do? Who can get help? What can the Bar Pro Bono Unit help with? The process of making a complaint about a barrister The Crown Prosecution Service . What does the CPS do? What is its role in sentencing? The job of a Solicitor. What does his or her work involve ? Rights of Advocacy and Conveyancing. Alternative Roles for Solicitors From the earliest stages of a career, a solicitor has many different options that they can consider. What is Solicitors code of Conduct? Rules in the code, core duties, the main rules, other rules. Your solicitor's complaints procedure, the LCS, and the Solicitor's Regulation Authority. Can a Solicitor Disclose Information to the other Party in a Case? What sort of information can be disclosed? What information will be privileged? Inspection, Documents in control, Standard disclosure The Director of Public Prosecutions The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) is the head of service for the Crown Prosecution Service for England and Wales. What is a notary public and when will they be used? Local Government and EnvironmentalControl of Major Accidents and Hazards Control of Major Accident Hazards (Amendment) Regulations 2005, Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999, COMAH Environmental Protection: Noise Pollution Environmental Protection Act 1990, Pollution of the Environment, Noise pollution, Section III Environmental Protection Act Environmental Protection: Waste Management What is meant by the environment? Environmental Protection Act 1990, Pollution of the environmentLiability for Environmental Damage Who is liable to pay for environmental damage suffered in the UK? Witnesses and EvidenceBad Character: Admissibility in Court Is evidence of bad character admissible in criminal trials? Appeal, Court of appeal, Appeal court, Permission, House of Lords, ECtHR Being Subpoenaed to a Criminal Trial Is it against the law not to turn up to court if subpoenaed as a witness? What will happen in court? Being a Witness in a Criminal Trial What is a witness? The Witness Charter, Going to Court, Witness Protection. Can religion encroach into other systems of criminal law? Children as Witnesses in Criminal Proceedings Competence and Compellability, Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, Evidence under oath, special protection The rule of collateral finality: Cross-examination, collateral, previous conviction, spent conviction, bias, reliability Hearsay, business and other documents, Criminal Justice Act 2003, real evidence, computer forensics What are the advantages of the use of DNA in criminal cases? Types of Evidence, Hearsay evidence, Real evidence, Testimony Admissibility of expert evidence, Obtaining facilities for inspection by experts, Legal professional privilege When to employ an expert or professional witness and what is their role? Hearsay Evidence in Criminal Trials Hearsay evidence and the rules relating to it are a very complex part of the law. This article looks at its use in criminal cases What is a pre-trial witness? Will all cases have such an interview? What is the procedure and how long will they last? Should defendants as well as victims be provided with anonymity in cases and investigations concerning rape? Witness at Criminal Trials: Can they be forced to give evidence? Can a witness to a crime be forced to give evidence at any trial? What if the witness is afraid of the defendant? The witness protection measures. I want to call someone as a witness in my case but I don’t think they will want to come to court. What should I do? Animals and the LawWhat is the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and to which animals does the Act apply? Fishing Rights in England and Wales There are laws that govern fishing in England and Wales. An individual's duty of care to prevent animals which they keep causing harm to others A herd of cows have strayed into my garden and have caused damage. What are my rights? A guide to requirements for the licensing of zoos under The Zoo Licensing Act 1981 and the implications of keeping a zoo. EquestrianA guide to The Riding Establishments Act 1964. In order to own a horse officially, one has to have a horse passport. Negligence and Road Traffic Accidents caused by Horses What is the law relating to road traffic accidents caused by horses? How is negligence proved? A guide to the laws which apply to the transportation of horses PetsWhat are the Legal Requirements for Running Boarding Kennels I am thinking of getting a pet goat. Are there any rules or regulations I would have to comply with? In what circumstances can a person become the legal owner of a wild animal? I am thinking of opening a pet shop. Are there any special requirements I should be aware of? The rules relating to the movement of pigs and pet pig walking licences. Canine LawLicensing requirements for the breeding and sale of dogs for commercial gain. Council Powers Related to Nuisance Dogs The Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005, Dog Control Orders, Fixed penalty order, Fouling on land, Keeping dogs on leads The Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, Pit bull terrier type dogs, Out of control dogs, Section 2 of the Dogs Act 1871 As a dog owner what laws do I need to be aware of when I am taking my dog out for a walk? My dog went missing and his new owner won’t give him back to me. What are my rights? The law relating to commercial and private sellers of dogs. BusinessTender Process for Public Work Contracts: Applying for Work from a Local Authority or Public Body Legal issues to be aware of when purchasing a business What is meant by an economic tort? What are the Economic Torts? Inducement to breach contract What is franchising and what are the regulations governing franchises Terms to be included in a franchise agreement What is linking and framing, problems involved, proper way to link and frame, exemptions from asking permission What Goods can be returned, those that can't and management of returned items What is the National Export System in the UK? Pay Per Click, Internet Search engine, Key words or phrases, Independent audit, Websites, Homepage, Sponsored listings As an employer how can I prevent my employee’s being poached by a rival employer? Product Liability and the Consumer Protection Act What is meant by Product Liability?, Common Law Product Liability, Duty of Care in Negligence, Consumer Protection Act 1987 Professional Indemnity Insurance When is it required and what does it cover Professional liability. Negligent statements. Avoiding and excluding liability. Limited liability partnerships. What is one and Does my Business need one in place? The day you become self employed, tax return and tax liability, what regulations apply to sole traders, VAT Terms and Conditions of Business The importance of the terms and conditions of business What is the UK Film Council and what funding does it provide? Understanding the Contents of a Commercial Lease Clauses in a commercial lease, VAT, Insurance, Alterations, Rent review, Subletting, Assigning, Code for Leasing Business Premises VAT evasion, tax evasion, civil evasion penalty, criminal VAT prosecution policy Wrongful Interference with Goods: A Claim in Tort If an individual wrongly interferes with goods of another individual then that individual will have a claim tort. Companies and partnershipsWhat is Administration, role and duties of an Administrator, and methods of going into Administration. Is administration an option for a business which is in trouble? Changing a Company’s Constitution The constitution is at the centre of the way in which a company operates. This article looks at changing it. An overview of company resolutions, Resolution, Special and ordinary, Companies House, Shareholders Creditors order of priority in an Insolvency What is liquidation? What is insolvency procedure? Why there is a need for a priority order of creditors? Directors' Liability for Health and Safety Directors, Health and safety, Corporate manslaughter, Fines Director’s duties, conflict of interest, skill care and judgement, Companies Act 2006 Email Information, Mandatory Information, Desirable Information, Email Disclaimers, Confidentiality Notices Different types of finance: equity finance, debt finance, loan, overdraft, Advantages, Disadvantages Floating a company, Going public, IPO, Advantages IPO, Disadvantages IPO, Due diligence, and UK investment exchanges What does forming a limited company involve, What name can you use, the costs of forming a limited company, and how to go about it. What is insolvency, Causes of insolvency, Individual insolvency measures, Debt relief, Liquidation, Receivership, Administration What is a joint venture between businesses? Types, structure and reasons for joint ventures as well as problems with joint ventures Levying Charges for Late Payments Under what circumstances can I charge for the late payment of commercial debts? Limited Liability Partnerships Limited liability partnership, partnership, benefits, member, LLP Liquidation:' Winding Up’ a Company What is liquidation? Members’ voluntary liquidation, Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation Mergers: When two companies are combined into one Definition of a merger, UK law, role of the OFT , substantial lessening of competition, course of action, and European markets Is there anything which I need to be aware of when choosing a name for my business? Advantages and Disadvantages and the Roles and Responsibilities of the Partners Role and Duties of Company Directors The responsibilities and legal requirements of a company director. How many directors can a company have? Roles and Duties of Shareholders Annual General Meetings, Voting, Control, Special and Ordinary Resolutions Share Capital and Rules Surrounding it Share capital, voting, pre-emption, reduction, redenomination, allot EmployersAge requirements for young workers At what age and time can a young person be employed at certain hours Age requirements for certain jobs What age can young people work different jobs What constitutes corporate manslaughter? Seriousness of the offence, Legal penalty for corporate manslaughter As an employer what do I need to be aware of when dismissing an employee? What restrictions are there on employers drug testing employees in the workplace. New regime in relation to employee’s being off work due to sickness or illness Legal implications for employers implementing employee assessment schemes As an employer what potential issues can I open myself up to when allowing my employees to work from home? Employer Access to Employee Health Records As an Employer can I access my employees Medical Records? Maternity Leave and Pay, Legislation, Notice, Commencement, Antenatal Appointments As an employer am I entitled to refuse a last minute holiday request? Natural Disasters and Employee Absenteeism What should employers do following the recent natural disaster? What is the national minimum wage, the current rate, entitlement, definition of a worker, exceptions, four types of work Preventing ex-employees from accessing confidential information Steps an employer can take to prevent former employees stealing information Sex Abuse of Children Abroad and UK Employment Can information relating to an alleged case of child abuse from another country be used in the Employment context in the UK? Social Networking Sites and their Use at Work What are the legal issues and problems involved with using social networking sites at work? Is it illegal for an employer to dismiss staff for taking part in a strike? When can staff be dismissed for striking? Unfair Dismissal involving criminal convictions What does an employer need to do to dismiss an employee fairly? Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998, What is meant by Work Equipment? What is meant by Use? Vicarious Liability: The Liability of an Employer What is vicarious liability? How do we define an employee? How do we define an employer? Independent contractors EmploymentACAS: Mediation, conciliation and arbitration What is the purpose of ACAS? Are its decisions legally binding? Conciliation; Arbitration; Mediation. Regulations preventing forced or compulsory labour Being a Private Security Guard Do I have similar powers to the police? Can I make arrests and on what grounds can I act against shoplifters? Bringing company into disrepute When would an employee be judged to have brought their company into disrepute. British nationals rights to employment over their foreign counterparts. Are there any laws which can protect me from bullying in the workplace? Employment contract, Changes, Implied terms, Express terms, Consultation Constructive Dismissal from Employment What are your remedies? Agencies you can approach and your entitlement to benefits. Legal issues for employers using the cycle to work scheme. Making a Claim for Constructive Dismissal How to make your claim have the best chance of success. What can be deducted from an employee's wages? What amount to deductions? Procedure to follow if your wages have been deducted. Driving for a Living and the Law What are the laws of England and Wales which relate specifically to individuals who drive for a living? Electricity at Work regulations The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, Who has responsibilities under the regulations? Employers and the Self Employed, Employees The Employment Agencies Act 1973, Agency workers, Basic Rights and, Paid Leave What is an employment contract, terms in a contract of employment, breaching an employment contract, changes to employment contracts. What is an Employment Tribunal? The Employment Tribunals Service and making a claim at an Employment Tribunal. The Equal Pay Act 1970, equality clauses, remedies, and EU influence Legal issues with job applicants providing false information on their CV Flexible Working in Employment Who is entitled to it? Applying for flexible working arrangements. Other options to take time off work. Internal fraud carried out by an employee Garden Leave in Redundancy, Restrictive Covenant, Trade secrets and confidential information Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Brief background. What are the duties owed by Employers? What are duties of Manufacturers? What are the duties owed by Employees? The general provisions in the work place, Civil Liability, Vicarious Liability, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Health and Safety in the Construction Industry Civil Liability, Vicarious liability and Independent Contractors, The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007, The CDM Hotel staff paid by job rather than by the hour Hotel cleaners paid by number of rooms cleaned rather than NMW. Can I be sacked from my job for using the company internet structure for private internet use? Spirit Drinks, Application of the regulations, Achievements of the regulations Managing Long Term Sickness at Work Sickness, Statutory sick pay, Pregnancy, Disability, Long term, Absence Maternity Pay, Contractual Maternity Pay, Statutory Maternity Pay, Qualification Criteria, Maternity allowance, Maternity leave, Duration Maternity rules are complex and ever changing, employers and those looking to rely on these rights should pay careful attention to them Minor Criminal Convictions and Employment When an employer runs a check on me will they be able to see any old minor convictions? National Security Vetting and Security Clearance National Security Vetting, National Security Clearance, national intelligence services, terrorist, pressure groups Excessive noise, employment, exposure, Section 6, Control of Noise at Work Regulations Paternal Leave: A Father's Right to Time Off Work after the Birth of a Child Conditions Required for Paternity Leave, Paid or Unpaid, Duration of Leave, Commencement of Leave, Pay entitlement Personal Protective Equipment at Work Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992, Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 2002, Protective equipment What is redundancy? Collective redundancies. Redundancies and unfair dismissal. What is meant by the Secondment of an Employee? Social Workers and Licensing Requirements Are there any licensing requirements for individuals wishing to work as social workers in the UK? What is Statutory Sick Pay? Who is entitled to it and what are the limitations on entitlement? What rights do I have to request time off for training from my employer? Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations. Transfer of the business, changes in the terms of employment, unfair dismissals Demonstrating a dismissal is reasonable, automatically unfair dismissals, remedies and compensation for unfair dismissals. Unpaid Internships and Employment Law If I take an unpaid internship am I likely to be exploited in the context of Employment Law? The legal regulations governing the payment of overtime Working Time Regulations and the Forty-eight Hour Week Working Time Regulations 1998, Workers Under 18, The 48 Hour Week, Opting Out of the 48 Hour week Working with Children and Vulnerable Adults What legal issues do those working with children and vulnerable adults need to be aware of? Working at
Height in the UK When do I have the right to claim damages for wrongful dismissal? What is the difference between unfair and wrongful dismissal? Intellectual Property LawWhat different kinds of work can be the subject of copyright? What if the author of the work is unknown? Durations of copyright. Claiming Royalties when Art Work is Sold How can I claim for royalties when my original artwork is sold? Who owns works created by a computer, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. What is the duration of copyright? Who owns the copyright for different types of works? Copyright Infringement: Remedies and Defences What constitutes copyright infringement? Secondary infringement, remedies, and exemptions. Copyright Licensing and the Copyright Licensing Agency The Copyright Licensing Agency, The Music Industry, The Film Industry, Copyright Licensing, What is meant by a Copyright Licence? Copyright: Protection for Software Copyright protection for software including literal and non-literal copying What are the data protection requirements for my business? What rights are there under UK law for music, How do record companies protect the copyright in musical works, Digital Rights Management The Information Commissioner and Data Protection Act Powers What are the new powers which have been provided to the Information Commissioner for serious breaches of the Data Protection Act? Copyright, Trade Marks, Patents, Domain Names, What can and cannot be registered, obscene and offensive trade marks Internet Service Providers and Illegal Material Copyright infringement and illegal material on the internet Licences for open source software What is Passing Off? What are the elements to passing off? If I have already registered my trade mark can I rely on passing off? What is a patent, what ideas can I patent, filing a patent application, steps involved in getting your patent published. A brief description of patent infringement, primary infringement, secondary infringement, exclusive rights, jurisdiction, burden of proof A brief description of the main patent infringement defences Protection of Company Information Database, What is meant by a database, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Self publishing versus Publishing House Integrated circuits, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, subsistence and ownership of semiconductor Technological Protection Measures and Copyright What are Technological Protection Measures? By-passing technological protection measures by legitimate users, the Infosoc directive What is a trade mark, what can you trade mark, what are the benefits of trade marks and how do you register a trade mark? Trade Marks: Grounds for Refusal Trade Mark, Absolute Grounds, Refusal, Distinctive Character, Capable of Distinguishing, Public Morality Trademark Infringement, Registered Mark, In the course of trade, infringements specified by the Act Trademarks – Relative Grounds for Refusal The relative grounds for refusal of a trademark are given under Section 5 of the Trade marks Act 1994. Trademark Infringement: Defences The Trade Marks Act 1994 specifies certain infringements and how to establish these infringements. Is it necessary to register a trademark and when do you have an unregistered trademark. What is an unregistered design right? Subsistence, exceptions, ownership and duration of the right RegulationAbuse of a Dominant Market Position Abuse of a dominant position, what is a dominant position, what is abuse, exemptions What are Anti-competitive agreements? UK Law, EU Law, Agreements seen as anti-competitive, Exemptions, Block exemptions Buying and Selling Goods from other Countries What is the free movement of goods? What is a Free trade Area? The common customs Tariff, Restrictions on trade, Restrictions Control of Hazardous Substances at Work Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2005, Hazardous Substances, Excluded Substances, Duty of Employers Distance Marketing Financial Products What issues do I need to be aware of when distance marketing financial services? How to I ensure my business is complying with the Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002? I wish to rent a farm for the purpose of my business. What regulations do I need to be aware of? Food Hygiene Legislation in the UK Is there any food hygiene legislation which may affect the operation of my business? Free Movement of Capital with the EU Fundamental freedoms, Free movement of capital, European Union Member States, Internal Market, Single Market, Articles 56 – 60 EC Treaty Free Movement of Goods within the EU EU solidarity, Free Movement of Goods & the Internal Market, Article 28 & 29 of the EC Treaty, Common Standards Free Movement of Services within the EU Free Movement of Services & the Internal Market, Benefits of the Internal Market, Barriers to trade between Member States Free Movement of Workers within the EU EU Solidarity, Free Movement of Workers, What is guaranteed by Article 39? What is meant by a worker? Health and Safety Offences Act 2008 What are the tougher penalties which have been created by the Health and Safety Offences Act 2008? Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Duties of an Employer. Duties of an Employee. Who are the governing authorities? Internet and email Policy for Business Internet, Use of the Internet & Email, Dangers in abuse of the Internet & Email, Internet Acceptable Use Policy Protection, Legislation, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, Interception of Communications, Access to Encrypted Data What legislation do I need to be aware of when selling products? What requirements do I need to be aware of when selling meat? What is the office of fair trading, roles of the office of fair trading, where can people go if they have problems with a business. Provision of Service Regulations Provisions of services regulations, services, terms of business, contract, complaints Regulated activities within the context of financial services Regulation and the FSA Warranty, Statutory Rights under Sale of Goods Act, Extended Warranties Websites for Business Regulations Web server, hosting, Internet Service Providers, In House hosting, Regulations Weights and Measures Regulations Metric Quantities, Fixed Weight Packages, Specific Industries Civil ProcedureGuidance for completing an Acknowledgment of Service. Form N9. Admissions of fact, Notice to admit facts, Deemed admission of the authenticity of disclosed documents, Proof of documents Allocation to the Small Claims Track Standard and special directions, determination without a hearing, and costs. Alternative Dispute Resolution Choosing the best form of resolving disputes for the parties; the different forms include mediation, arbitration Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods What are the alternative dispute resolution ways according to the English law More alternatives methods to expensive litigation for resolving disputes What is an affidavit and when will they be used? Guidance for completing an Application Notice. Form N244. Do I have to attend a case management conference? County Court Judgments: What are they? How do they arise? What are their consequences? How can they be removed? Introduction to civil court appeals, Civil appeals framework, Time for bringing an appeal, Permission to appeal Civil Court Costs: Who is liable? General principles, Interim costs orders, Final costs orders, Quantification of costs Introduction to civil court trials, Pre-trial checklists and fixing the date of the trial, Jury trial, Trial bundles, Hearing in public or private How can I start proceedings in the court, and what are civil procedure rules? What is a claim form and what does it have to contain? Disclosure in Civil Proceedings Rights of a party to inspect documents during Civil Proceedings. Guidance for filling in a Claim Form. Form N1. Commencement of Civil Proceedings Introduction to commencement of proceedings, Which court? The claim form, Particulars of claim, Issuing the claim form, Filing. Consent Orders in Civil Litigation Consent orders, Tomlin orders, judgment orders, enforcement, court approval, administrative procedure. What are enforcement orders and the different types of enforcement orders Enforcement of County Court and High Court Judgements When is enforcement used? Methods of enforcement. Which method of enforcement should be used? Evidence Admissible in Civil Claims What evidence is admissible in court? Can I give evidence as an expert witness? What other witnesses can be called to give evidence? Allocation to the fast-track, Experts in fast-track claims, Trial bundles, Costs. Introduction to financing litigation; Traditional retainer; Conditional fee agreements What is a Freezing Injunction? How and when can I use one? Hearsay in civil cases: Common law rule against hearsay Common law rule against hearsay; Civil Evidence Act 1995 What are interim applications? How to apply for one? What are the examples of interim applications? Is serving a notice necessary? The material deals with the meaning of interim injunctions and the need for their existence Interim Payments in Civil Cases This article examines interim payments and looks at the circumstances in which they can be made. What is judgment in default? What constitutes default? Excluded cases. Entering default judgment What is judicial review and how can I make a claim? What are the remedies? Do I need permission from to court to apply for Judicial Review? What happens if the defendant cannot serve his defence on time? What is meant by limitation periods under UK law and when will this come into play? Mandatory and Prohibitory Injunctions What are mandatory and prohibitory injunctions? How to apply for an in junction? What is a freezing injunction? What is mediation procedure? How can I start one? Will I be bound by the settlement agreement? The Benefits of Mediation Procedure Allocation to the multi-track, Agreed Directions, Case management conference, Control of evidence No win - No fee agreements are also known as Conditional Fee agreements. After-the-event insurance and requirements Ombudsmen and Dispute Resolution Settling a Dispute through an Ombudsman What is possession claim online and is it a service which is available to me? Pre-action Protocols in Civil Litigation Pre-action protocol, non-compliance, approved protocols, cost penalties The Preliminary Stages of a Civil Claim From Commencement to Service of the Defence Guidance for completing a Pre-trial Checklist or Listing Questionnaire. Form N170. What is public Interest Immunity? Non-disclosure on Public Policy grounds. The test for disclosure where public interest immunity is claimed. Responding to Court Proceedings How do I respond to the Court proceedings? What if I cannot afford to pay anything? Scotland: Obtaining Judgment in Default against a Defendant in Scotland Obtaining Judgment in Default against a Defendant who lives or carries out their business in Scotland and enforcement of the Judgment Introduction to search orders; Procedure on application for search order; Claimant’s undertaking Security for Costs in Civil Litigation Security, costs, court order, court discretion, application, notice Shariah - Islamic Law: An Introduction to it in Britain. What is Shariah? How will it affect me if it make an entry into the UK? Preparing for a Final Small Claims Hearing Small Claims: What Qualifies a Small Claim? Claims under £10,000, Claims under £5,000, Small Claims Court, Arbitration, District judge Special Disclosure Orders: Norwich Pharmacal orders Norwich Pharmacal orders, Pre-action disclosure, Production of documents against non-parties, Inspection of property Statements of Case: What are they and How to Write them? What are statements of case? How to write them? What do statements of case contain? Fourteen days period, Particulars of Claim, Defence, Counterclaim, Reply, Statement of Truth, Striking out Statement of Case Statutory Demands. What are they, Why use them and how to respond to them? Summary Judgment in Civil Litigation What is the ‘Test’ for summary Judgment Applications? Types of Proceedings summary Judgment is and is not available. The Tort of Deceit: Fraud and Fraudulent Misrepresentation What is meant by fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation?, Tort of Deceit, Example of Deceit, Elements of the Claim, False Representation When to use the small claims track, how to begin a claim, enforcing judgement, and appeals. Small Claims: Problems associated with Making a Small Claim Problems with making a small claim, Money Claim Online, Requirements for Money Claim Online, Process for Money Claim Online Track allocation in civil proceedings The three tracks and the overriding objective Track Allocation: How does the court allocate claims to various tracks? What types of tracks are there? What are the criteria which the court applies when deciding to which track to allocate the claim? The Moslem Arbitration Tribunal What is the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal? What type of dispute resolution will the tribunals be involved in? Will it work within the British context? Warrants of Execution and Writs of Fieri Facias What is Warrant of Execution? What is a Writ of Fieri Facias? What are the advantages and disadvantages of enforcement using them? Without Prejudice Offers to Settle Part 36 or without prejudice offers, formalities, offer acceptance, financial consequences ConsumerWhen is cold calling legal and when is it illegal? Product safety and price indications. General obligations, Manufacturers, and the EU. When you have bought something that you are not happy with what are your rights to request a refund? What are your statutory rights when buying goods at an auction? Property auctions, Business auctions. Buying goods and services online Security and legal issues when buying products or services online. Legal regulations governing those soliciting sales door to door Shopping from Home: What are you rights as a consumer? What is a hire purchase agreement? When is one available? Are any cars excluded from the possibility of a hire purchase agreement? Is Refusing to Pay for a Restaurant Meal Theft? What is the reason for non payment? Was the food below standard so the restaurant broke their end of the contract? Will the police be called? Legal Issues When Returning Faulty Goods to a Retailer What legal rights do consumers have to return goods? Do goods have to be faulty to get a refund? Legal Protection when eating out How does the law offer protection when dining at restaurant? What issues should I consider when trying to write an effective complaint letter? Have you bought something from a non-professional trader? Remedies Available to Buyers for Breach of Contract What remedies are available to buyers in a contract for the sale of goods? Recommendations when selecting trades people to carry out home improvements at your house Unfair Terms in Package Travel Contracts What terms do I need to look out for when signing up for a package travel contract? Warranties and Extended Warranties Statutory Rights under Sale of Goods Act, Extended Warranties, Warranty, repair or replacement My washing machine has broken and the guarantee has run out. What are my rights? Contract LawAnticipatory breach of contract When does this occur and on what grounds can it be applied Bailment defined, Licences, Finders, Involuntary recipients, Unsolicited Goods and Services Acts. The material considers what can constitute a breach of contract and what actions are then available to the party What is Capacity in Contract Law? Minors and Capacity in Contract Law, Contracts that can be voided with minors, The Minors Contracts Act Capacity in Contract Law: Mental Illness Mental Capacity Act 2005, Incapacity but not under control, Capable of understanding The High Court case of Ford Motor Co Ltd v AEF Common Law mistake in Contract Mistake, Definition, Common Mistakes, Unilateral Mistakes, Mutual Mistakes , Mistakes relating to Identity What is the difference and how does it work What is Consideration in Contract Law? What is the legal definition of Consideration? How is it acknowledged by the courts? Introduction to contract law? What is a contract? When is a contract effective. Contracts containing False Statements and Fraudulent Misrepresentation What happens if I enter a contract containing false statements? If I am to enter into a contract with a minor is there anything which I should be aware of? Contracts relating to Employment and the Sale of a Business Contracts relating to employment; Contracts relating to the sale of a business Introduction to deeds, Requirements, Consideration Duress and Undue Influence in Contract Law Duress, Undue Influence, Contract, Agreement, Presumption, Financial, Economic Duress, Doctrine of Notice What is an electronic contract? Evidence Required to show Breach of Contract What needs to be proved? How can it be proved? Exemption Clauses in Contract Law What is an Exemption Clause? What are the different types of Exemption Clauses? Interpretation of the Exemption Clause? Contracts promoting sexual immorality, contracts for sex, Immoral contracts Information Technology Contracts A background to IT contracts, software contracts, software acquisition, licences, implied terms, hardware acquisition What problems can arise from international sales? Types of international sale contracts. When will the risk pass to the buyer? Bills of lading What is Legal Intent in Contract Law? Is there Legal Intent in Family and Social arrangement? Is there Legal Intent in Commercial Agreements? Licences for ready-made software The contractual nature of the licence Certain types of contract which are regarded as threatening to the institution of marriage are therefore treated as illegal. Novation and Assignment in Contract Law What is the difference between Novation and Assignment and when may I need to use this? Offer and Acceptance in Contract Law Certainty in offer and acceptance, Meaningless phrases, Incomplete agreements, Obligations distinguished from ‘machinery’ Product Liability in Contract and in Tort What is product liability in tort and contract? What are the differences? Ratification: Entering into an Unauthorised Contract The principles of ratification, The agent must purport to act on behalf of a principle, The principle must be in existence at the time of the contract Rules of Privity in Contract Law What is Privity in Contract Law? What are the Rules? Exceptions to the Rule of Privity Regulations Selling Package Holidays Package Holidays, the Package Travel Regulations 1992 What is meant by Terms and Conditions?, Purpose, Contractual Provisions, Definition, Pricing, Payment Provisions Supply of services, Implied terms, Contract Law, Consumer protection, Title, Correspondence with Description, Sale by Sample, Quality What should a buyer be aware of in a contract for the sale of goods? Severance of consideration, Severance of promises, The Blue Pencil Test The Types of Exemption Clauses in Contracts Contract terms, Exclusion clause, Limitation clause, Indemnity clause The Doctrine of Undue Influence Undue influence: The concept; Actual undue influence Unfair terms in Consumer Contracts Sellers and buyers, Excluded terms, Unfair terms in letting agreements. Websites, specification, contractual terms, ‘feature-creep’, maintenance, domain name Criminal LawThe Age of Criminal Responsibility in the United Kingdom The age of criminal responsibility, England and Wales, Scotland, Other Jurisdictions Aggravated burglary as a criminal offence under Section 10 of the Theft Act 1968 Can I use being drunk as a defence to a criminal act? What is an ASBO? How long does one last? What if I breach my ASBO? Appeals in the Magistrates' Court Appeal to the Crown Court, Appeals to the High Court by way of case stated, Application for judicial review Applying for Bail after Conviction when there is a delay in passing sentence The general right to Bail. Does it depend on the severity of the offence. Appeals to the Crown Court if refused in the Magistrates' Court. Will I get prosecuted for assaulting a police officer? When will assets be forfeited following a criminal conviction? Automatism as a Criminal Defence What is automatism? Automatism distinguished from insanity, self-induced automatism, drunkenness and drugs. What constitutes a 'breach of the peace'? Changes brought about by the Bribery Act 2010 to reduce the payment of bribes. Burglary under The Theft Act 1968 What are they? When can one be made? What should one do after making a Citizen's Arrest? Common Assault, Actual Bodily Harm and Grievous Bodily Harm The criminal offences of common assault, actual bodily harm (ABH) and grievous bodily harm (GBH). What is community sentencing, and what types are there? The National Probation Service, Probation Officers and what are probation hostels? Compensation Orders in the Magistrates Court What is covered, what is excluded, the amount, varying the order, the effect of deprivation and confiscation orders The general rule, Category 1: where corroboration/care warning is required as a matter of law/obligatory, Category 2: Discretionary care warning What constitutes criminal damage? The types of criminal damage. Recklessness and threats to life. Who can be cross examined? What is the process of cross examination? Holding a Defendant on Remand while awaiting Trial Cyberbullying and bullying on mobile phones What is a cyberbullying? What types of cyberbullying are there, and what should you do if you are a victim? What must the prosecution disclose to the defence in criminal proceedings? Duress by threat is a general defence to any crime but is unavailable if a defendant faces a charge of murder Diminished Responsibility and the Criminal Law – Homicide Act & the Coroners and Justice Act What is a Drink Banning Order? Who can impose them and what are the penalties for breaching one? Is possession and supply of drug paraphernalia illegal under the criminal law? Can a failure to act make a person guilty in the eyes of the law? The Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, Forging, Copying, Counterfeiting, Using false instrument Is there any law I need to be aware of as a graffiti artist? What are the details of the offence of handling stolen goods and will I face prosecution? Regulations in place to discourage human traficking Identification and Evidence Procedures The material deals with an important aspect of every criminal trial which is identification evidence. Infanticide and the Criminal Law Under the criminal law of England and Wales the partial defence of infanticide provides a defence for both murder and manslaughter. What is an indictment? Joinder of counts, Joinder of defendants, Discretion to order separate trials, Misjoinder, Alternative counts, Amendments Insanity as a Criminal Defence The M’Naghten Rules, elements of the defence, disease of the mind, defect of reason, knowledge that the act is wrong. What is involuntary manslaughter? Constructive manslaughter, unlawful acts, risk of harm, relevant mens rea, manslaughter by gross negligence Loss of Control, Provocation and the Criminal Law Section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957, The Coroners and Justice Act 2009, Defence of Provocation What is meant by litter? The Offence of Dropping Litter, If I get caught will I face a sanction, Fixed penalty notices What is the law in relation to legal highs? What does the law say about unlawful killings? The material deals with situations where the Prosecution are resting a case on insufficient evidence. Obtaining Property by Deception & Making off without payment Obtaining Property by Deception, Obtaining, Property, Belonging to Another, Position in relation to bank transfers What constitutes outraging public decency? Perverting the Course of Justice What does it involve? Perjury, intimidating witnesses, jurors or the Judge, fabricating evidence Seizing assets obtained through criminality Prosecution duty of disclosure in the Crown Court The article explains the duty of the prosecutor to disclose materials to the defence. Identification Procedures used by the Police When can identification procedures be used? What is meant by plea bargaining and when will it come into play? Possessing an Offensive Weapon in a Public Place What is an offensive weapon? Defences: lawful authority and reasonable excuse. Maximum sentence upon conviction. Powers of Security Guards regarding Shoplifting What are the powers of a security guard when dealing with shoplifters? Do they have powers similar to the police? Rights when in custody, Money, Phone calls, Health care, Rights after custody Prison Service Duty of Care to Prisoners Does the prison service have a duty of care towards prisoners? Procedure before sentencing on a guilty plea The main aspect deals with the resolution of disputes where the offender takes issue with the prosecution’s facts on a guilty plea. Proving the intention to commit a crime How Can the Courts Prove a Person's Intention to Commit a Crime? What is public nuisance? Who are the public? Developments in the law. Racially and Religiously Motivated Attacks Racial and religious offences and aggravated offences? Religion, the law, and incitement to religious hatred. Reporting attacks to the police Removal of art or artefacts from Public places Stealing from museums or art galleries under the theft act. Possibilities for reopening criminal cases Restraining orders - what are they, when are they imposed, standard of proof required Sedition, Obscenity, Blasphemy and UK law What is the difference between sedition, obscenity and blasphemy? Seizing Assets under the Proceeds of Crime Act The Assets Recovery Agency and Powers to Confiscate Assets under the Proceeds of Crime Act How the Courts decide on the Sentence to Pass Sentencing: Taking Offences into Consideration when passing Sentence The material deals with the sentencing process where a suspect admits offences other than the ones for which he is being prosecuted. What is shoplifting? Why people shoplift? The consequences for shoplifters. The right to remain silent in criminal proceedings Smoking ban, places of work, what happens if I get caught smoking in a public place Some 96 per cent of all criminal cases are tried in magistrates’ courts. The procedure is the same, whether the offence is triable only summarily. The article deals with the meaning of suspended sentences What is Terrorism? The burden and standard of proof required. Arrest, Detention, Interviews, Charge, Sentencing. Detention without Charge. The guidelines, Scope of the Turnbull Guidelines, Supporting evidence, The accused’s silence. What is TV licensing? Can I get a refund on my television licence? Detector vans. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1991, Classes of drugs, Offences and penalties. When can a bill of indictment be preferred by the prosecution? What is the procedure and how is the decision taken? A list of the crimes known as 'white collar' crimes Who can be considered as a young offender, causes of youth offence, pre-court proceedings for youth offenders What is a Youth Rehabilitation Order and when will they come into play? Criminal RecordsAppealing a Criminal Conviction How can I appeal against a criminal conviction? Criminal Records Checks, types of disclosure and the Criminal Records Bureau. What is a criminal record, spent and unspent convictions and the relevance of criminal records. Removal of 'Spent' Criminal Convictions from a Criminal Record The Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974. Spent convictions and having them removed from your record. PoliceAccess to Information held by the Police How can I be provided with access to the information which the police hold about me? Can the police face sanctions if it is deemed that they have falsely arrested someone? What are the powers and duties of the police custody officer? In what circumstances are the police allowed to take my fingerprints and other samples? Identification procedures used by police What is the purpose of identification procedures? What are the four types of identification procedures used by the police following the arrest of a suspect? Which procedure should the police use? The use of Police Identity Parades in the UK Criminal Justice System The Police And Criminal Evidence Act 1984 Police Community Support Officers Police Community Support Officer (PCSOs), Powers, Police Reform Act 2002, Crime, Anti-social Behaviour, Patrolling, Community policing What are the power of arrest? Who can be arrested? PACE and limits on police power. A citizen's arrest. Police Entrapment and Court Proceedings What is police entrapment? Is it permitted in the UK? Can it be used as part of my defence? A detainee's rights, being 'verballed', the police offer's duties, the right to inform somebody of your arrest, a break every 8 hours. Police Interviews: Remaining Silent What are my options if I am subject to interview conducted by the police? What is the PNC? How did it start? What type of information does it hold? How can I access the information about me? Police Powers: Entering and searching premises What is entry and search? When is a warrant necessary? Under what circumstances is a warrant not needed? Stop and Search: Police Powers What is 'Stop and Search?' When can the police use this power? What are the rules they need to follow? How can you make a complaint? What rights do I have if I have been the victim of a crime? Is it an offence to waste police time? What is the penalty for doing this? SexualCottaging and the Law in the UK Cruising, Voyeurism, Penalties for "Cottaging," Legal rights. Is it an offence to be in possession of extreme pornographic images? Persons who "groom" children with the ultimate intention of meeting them to commit a substantive sex offence What is homosexuality? How does the law deal with it? Countries where homosexuality is still a criminal offence. What is the law relating to indecent images of children and the internet? What are immoral earnings? How are immoral earnings gained? What is being done about prostitution and immoral earnings? What action should you take if you have been raped? Will the person who raped you go to prison and should I report the crime? What should I do if I am being stalked and are there any legal remedies that can protect me? Street Prostitution and Kerb Crawling Is prostitution legal in the UK? What are the related activities which are illegal? What offences committed by Kerb Crawling? Rape, sexual assault and assault by penetration Sexual Offences and the Age of Consent Sexual offences, consent, as a young person do I have a right to confidential advice, is there any protection for people over the age of 16. The legal issues concerning sex, HIV and consent. Who is liable for registration? When will someone be placed on the sex offenders register and what does it mean? Discrimination LawWhat is age discrimination? Types of age discrimination. Remedies if you have been discriminated against on grounds of age. Direct and Indirect Discrimination What is the difference between direct and indirect discrimination? An introduction to discrimination law Discrimination based on disability, direct and indirect discrimination, victimisation, discrimination as grievance. Disability Discrimination under the Equality Act 2010 The Equality Bill 2009 received royal assent on the 8th April 2010 creating the Equality Act 2010. Racial, Religious, and because of Sexual Orientation IVF Treatment and Discrimination Law If an employer discriminates against an employee on the grounds of having IVF treatment will this fall foul of anti-discrimination laws? The Race Relations Act 1976 As a Christian can I claim for discrimination in the workplace when I feel I am being treated differently due to my religious beliefs? What constitutes sex discrimination? Who bears responsibility for it? Victimisation. What you should do if you are a victim. Volunteers and the Disability Discrimination Act Are volunteers covered by disability discrimination laws? Family LawDomestic violence, occupation order, non-molestation order, relevant child, associated person What does it mean to have the right to respect of private and family life and when will this come into play? Protection from Domestic Violence What are the laws that are designed to protect against Domestic Violence in the UK? Long-Term Care and your rights Finding the right kind of care home and making sure that you are appropriately cared for? Non-molestation orders in domestic violence Occupation Orders in Domestic Violence Domestic violence, occupation order, entitled applicant, balance of harm, regulatory order What public funding is available in family law cases? The Welfare Principle in Family Law The material considers the welfare principle in family proceedings, including when such is to be applied and the consideration it involves. AdoptionWho is eligible to adopt? Are any people ineligible? How lengthy is the adoption process? The Adoption panel and the decision. How to apply, Who is eligible, Gay couples, Consent of the child involved, travel to the UK for abortions to be carried out. ChildrenHow does UK abortion Law legislate? Regulations doctors follow to carry out terminations. The 1967 Abortion Act Reasons for which you could be absent from school What is meant by an academy? How are they funded? Who will run the school? The role sponsors play and involvement of the local authority What is the law regarding a parent's right to access to their children? What are the rights of people in common law marriages? Has your Child caused an Accident? Negligence, Liability, and Compensation. Affiliation Orders: a single woman’s claims on the father of her child What are affiliation orders? How do they work and how have they changed because of DNA ? Care and Supervision Orders issued by the Courts The Threshold Criteria under the Children's Act 1989 Can the surname of a child be changed? What is the procedure? Does the father have to give his consent? What are child assessment orders? Child Name Changes: the Process Parental responsibility, Consent, Joint responsibility, Sole responsibility, Mother, Father, Unmarried father Making sure a parent pays for their child Child Welfare: The Welfare Check list It is given high regard and the courts will almost always base their decisions on the results of the questions posed under the welfare checklist. Contact Orders in respect of Children Contact Orders made under the Children Act 1989 Purposes of an Emergency Protection Order Emergency Protection Orders in respect of children An introduction to EPOs Exclusion of a Child from School What should I do if my child is excluded from the school? Local Authority Support for Children and Families: Powers and Duties A local authority has not only a moral duty but a legal duty to protect the children within their designated area What is a maintenance order? Child support agency, Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders, Enforcing maintenance orders. Maintaining Standards in School How does the office for standards in Education (OFSTED) work? Orders regulating specific issues What are prohibited steps and specific issue order? When can those be used and what is the effect of the grant of an order? How are applications made? What is the duration of a prohibited steps and specific issue orders? Parenthood: Who are legally my parents? The law accepts three types of parents: Genetic, gestational and social. What is parental responsibility? Examples of parental responsibilities. Unmarried fathers rights to access to their children. Parental Responsibility: Do I have it? The parent-child relationship Pre-divorce Maintenance Orders Maintenance order for spouse before divorce, application pursuant to Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 s27 Private law orders the courts issue to protect children General Principles under the Children Act 1989 Pupils found with Drugs at School What happens when a pupil is caught with drugs in school? Residence Orders in respect of Children The material deals with residence orders and their practicable meaning School Admissions, The Admissions Code, Admissions Process, Objections, Oversubscription, Special Educational Needs How a Statutory Assessment is made? What is a special guardianship order? When can the courts grant special guardianship orders? Who can apply for the order and become a special guardian? What is the effect of a special guardianship order? The meanings of surrogacy and surrogacy agreement are considered as well as the effect in terms of legal parenthood of the child. Are there any legal issues which need to be examined before choosing surrogacy as a way of conceiving a child? Welfare Reform Bill and its Impact on Father’s Rights in relation to Parental Responsibility. Child AbductionThere are three provisions that have been put in place for the protection and safe return of abducted children that apply internationally HM Government has brought in measures to reduce the risk of child abduction This article looks at the measures that have been introduced by the British Government in more detail. DivorceDistribution of Family Assets by a Court on Divorce Family assets, Court discretion, Orders on family assets, Matrimonial home, Matrimonial home rights Divorce and effects on the family, division of property Divorce procedure, stages involved, decree nisi and decree absolute. Divorce procedure: India vs. the UK What are the grounds for divorce in India. Does religion have any effect on the law? Similarities between the two countries. What are the potential issues experienced when a divorce threatens to break up a family business? Factors for Consideration following Divorce What factors will I need to consider following my divorce? What grounds are necessary to file for divorce? What is this and when will it come into play? Pensions and Divorce Settlements What part will my pension play in my divorce proceedings? How do your pension rights get affected after a divorce? Why choose separation, legal separation, effects on the family. MarriageDecree of nullity for void and voidable marriages What is a civil partnership? What rights does couples in a civil partnership have? Similarities to marriage. The rights of cohabiting couples. How are their financial affairs affected? Gay and lesbian couples. Students and cohabitation. How the Law treats living Partners What is a 'common law marriage'? Does it have any legal status? Possible changes in the law. Domestic agreements: The leading case in this category is Balfour v Balfour. Forced Marriages Protection Orders What is a Forced Marriage? How does an arranged marriage differ from a forced marriage? What makes a Marriage Valid? Marriage: Formation and Dissolution Marriage, Formation of marriage, Solemnisation of marriage, Consequences of marriage, Void and voidable marriages What are the restrictions on the right to marry for people with limited or no leave in the UK? Post-Marital and Post-Separation Agreements Post-marital agreement, post-separation agreement, pre-nuptial agreement, ancillary, divorce What is a prenuptial agreement, Enforcement of prenuptial agreement in England and Wales, s 25(2) of the Matrimonial Causes Act Should a pre-marital agreement be made before a marriage? Prohibited Marriages/Civil Partnerships Who am I not allowed to Marry or enter a Civil Partnership with? FinancialAn Attachment of Earnings Order What are the prerequisites of an attachment to earnings order? Attachable earnings, excluded earnings and unemployment. Bailiffs: Do they have any Legal Powers? What are Bailiffs? When can they be used and what can they do? Bank Accounts: Can a Bank Refuse to Open an Account for someone? Can a bank refuse to open a bank account for me? In what circumstances is the bank allowed to do this? Bank Charges: What was the UK Supreme Court's Ruling? What did the court say? Who has responsibility over the legality of bank charges? Is the case closed? Bank Charges: Can I still reclaim them after the 2009 Supreme Court Ruling? What does the ruling mean? Can I still reclaim my bank charges? Which charges can still be reclaimed? How do I go about this? Bank Obligations to its Customers What is the relationship between the banker and the customer? Does a bank have any duties of care with respect to the customer? I What is a Bank Reference? Does your bank have an obligation to provide you with one? What if your bank does not regard you as 'low risk'? Bank References: Obtaining one How to obtain a Bank Reference. What will it say? What is bankruptcy and what are the effects of bankruptcy. Why file for bankruptcy and how to file for bankruptcy Insuring a specific part of your body against injury. Cancellations under the Financial Services Regulations Reason for the Regulations, Cancellation Rights under the Financial Services (Distance Marketing) Regulations, Cancellation period What is meant by Capital Gains Tax and is there any way which I can reduce the amount I have to pay? What is a Charging Order?, Property that can be the subject of a Charging Order, Council tax and charging orders, and the powers of the court. Consumer Credit Act, Fixed credit agreement, Statements What are they and how can I benefit? What is a debt relief order? How can one be obtained? Who is eligible and who would benefit most from a debt relief order? What is an equity release scheme? Who can benefit from equity release? How can I benefit? Fraudulent Withdrawals from your Bank Account Phantom Cash Withdrawal and Forged Cheques, are discussed here. A quick guide to the FSA Their use in letting agreements and mortgages What types of identity crimes are there? What’s the difference between identity theft and identity fraud? How much can I bring in without arousing suspicion? Can I purchase tobacco online instead? Can I pay the taxes due? Inheritance Tax, Inheritance Tax Threshold, couples and civil partners, who has to pay the inheritance tax Inheritance Tax: Do I pay it on gifts I make? What is meant by a gift, Gifts before I die, Exempt beneficiaries, Annual exemption, Exempt gifts Insolvency for Individuals: Collective and Enforcement Insolvency What is personal insolvency? How do I declare myself bankrupt? Will the bankruptcy be discharged? What is an IVA? Who would apply for an IVA? How can I apply for an IVA? What debts are an IVA able to clear? Money Claim Online (MCOL) is Her Majesty’s Court Service online service for Claimant’s and Defendant’s. How Banks Operate using the Internet? Are there any alternative insurance policies to getting Payment Protection Insurance? If I have taken out a Payment Protection Insurance Policy can I cancel it at any time? The mis-selling of Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) Mis-sold Payment Protection Insurance: Reclaiming it How can a consumer reclaim any PPI that they have been mis-sold in the past? Refunds of Bank Reimbursements What is the procedure with banking in the sale of goods transaction? Can the bank refuse to pay the credit? What kinds of company shares are available for me to purchase? Where one party (the trustee) is ordered in equity to hold property for the benefit of another party (the beneficiary) Do I have to pay VAT on the purchase of a car? What is the difference between a guarantee and an indemnity? Suretyship, Guarantee, Indemnity, Do both guarantees and indemnities have to be in writing, demand CharitiesDefining charitable trusts: When is a trust charitable? Are there any advantages in my business in giving to charity? What conditions are provided for by the Code of Conduct for fundraisers in the United Kingdom? What is Gift Aid and how does it work with Charities in the UK? Regulation of Charity Fundraising How is fundraising by charitable bodies in the United Kingdom regulated? Voluntary retirement of trustees, Compulsory retirement of trustees at the direction of the beneficiaries. Trustees duties in relation to investment The general duty of care, The standard investment criteria, The need for advice, Financial considerations, Ethical considerations, Periodic review of investments In what ways can a charity use its funds? Widening investment powers of Trustees There are a number of ways in which wider powers of investment may be possible: Power of variation in trust deed, Consent of beneficiaries, Variation of Trusts Act 1958, Trustee Act 1925 s 57, Principle on which court grants approval.
Immigration and NationalityAsylum Seekers and Economic MigrantsWhat grounds of appeal are accepted by the Immigration & Asylum Chamber? How can a decision to not be in accordance with the rules? Asylum Seekers and Refugees Working in Britain Is it a Criminal Offence for Migrants to Work Illegally in the UK? What is deportation? What is the rationale behind it? Deportation and removal of people from the United Kingdom Evidence to the Immigration & Asylum Chamber What evidence can be heard by the Immigration & Asylum Chamber and what can legally be appealed against? Extradition from the UK to a:Highly Skilled Migrants Programme What are the Highly Skilled Migrants Programme and innovators scheme? Human Rights Act and Deportation of Terrorists How can know members of Al-Qaeda be allowed to stay in the United Kingdom under the Human Rights Act? Human Rights Act and Immigration Issues How are human rights appeals determined and what jurisdiction do appeal bodies have in human rights cases? Non-Refoulement under English Law Prohibition of Returning Refugees and Asylum Seekers to the Countries of Risk The Immigration & Asylum Chamber How are hearings conducted in the Immigration & Asylum Chamber? What is the Immigration and Asylum Chamber Structure of the immigration appeals system; the Immigration & Asylum Chamber – its principles and the 2005 rules Legal Representation at the Immigration and Asylum Chamber Legal representation in immigration and asylum matters; legal aid; regulatory bodies; Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner, Legitimate Expectation and Asylum What does 'legitimate expectation' mean in terms of people claiming asylum or under immigration control? Prohibition of Returning Refugees and Asylum Seekers to the Countries of Risk What are immigration rules with respect to the prohibition of returning refugees? What is perceived as a serious risk for life and liberty? Special Entry Rules for the Self Employed and Investors What are the special rules on entry for work and business for self employed creatives or investors? British Nationals Abroad and TravelWhat help will they offer to UK Nationals? What will the British Embassy not be able to do? What is dual nationality? Is it permitted in the UK? What are its advantages and are there any disadvantages? If I have been imprisoned for a criminal act committed aboard will I be forced to come back to the UK? What are my rights if my flight is cancelled or severely delayed? Movement of Pets within the European Union The rights of a person moving countries, The protection available for people moving countries, The rights of family members The EC Treaty allows members of one EU country to freely move and work within another EU country CitizenshipTypes of UK citizenship, dual nationality, British subjects, British Nationality Act 1981, Commonwealth citizenship. The electoral roll, or register, lists all those who have registered to vote in a certain area, its purpose, elections, and fraud prevention. Is it ever possible for refugees and asylum seekers to establish a family life in the UK? What is covered in the test? What happens if I fail? How many time can I take the 'life in the UK' test? Naturalisation: How an Alien Can Become a British Citizen What is naturalisation? The scope of naturalisation. The life in the UK test. Requisites for naturalisation. What are my rights and responsibilities as a young citizen? Visas for the United KingdomProof of 'Intention to Leave' when applying for UK visas What is the proof of intention to leave requirement in relation to visitor visa applications from visa national countries? Settlement Rules for Unmarried Couples Unmarried couples and fiancée settlement applications; cohabitation; time frame for fiancées. Will you be eligible for a student visa? What documents are required for the application? Can I work on a student visa? How to apply for a visa for the United Kingdom. Types of UK visas. Documents needed and sponsorship. Land and Housing LawHomelessnessBecoming Intentionally Homeless Priority and no priority need, local authority housing, homelessness Land LawAcquisition of an Estate by Adverse Possession Adverse possession of unregistered land, Adverse possession of registered land under LRA 1925 Exclusive possession, Determinate term, Term less than that of the grantor Buying and Selling Land and the Law Buying and selling registered and unregistered land. Conveyance and the law. New development with no existing unit holders, Conversion of property with existing unit holders Constructive Trusts and the Interest of Third Parties Constructive trust arising because a purchaser of land has expressly agreed to take subject to the interest of a third party The Conveyance of Registered Land Registration, Notice, Restriction, Possessory, Absolute, Qualified, Proprietorship, Property The Law of the land When does co-ownership arise? What is legally my land? Minerals and mines, Wild animals, Water, Airspace, and Trees, plants and flowers. Does a Caravan need Planning Permission before it is kept in your Garden? Types of planning permission. The use of the caravan. Is it permanent or temporary? What are easements and how can I claim one? Can I claim easement after a continuous use of the land? Estates and Interests in Land and The Law Equitable interest, Legal Interests, Proprietary/ personal rights, Freehold, Leasehold The Equitable Doctrine of Notice The purchaser must be bona fide, The purchaser must give value, The purchaser must acquire a legal estate Estate in fee simple absolute in possession Getting Neglected Land Cleaned Up How to go about getting land that has been neglected cleaned up Items found on Land: Who owns them? Who has ownership rights over objects found on land Legal interests: LPA 1925, s.1(2) Legal interests and Equitable interests compared The discretionary nature of equity What Liability do I have towards other people entering my property? What is meant by Private Nuisance, Requirements, Continuous Interference, Unlawful Interference, Interference of the use or enjoyment of Land Public right of Access to private land The 'right to roam' in the United Kingdom. Your right to have access to private land in England and Wales. Registering Land and protecting your Interests How to Register your Land and Protect your Interests What is unregistered land and the registration process. What are the different forms of trespass? What constitutes trespass? The damages that can be sought Unregistered land and Land Charges Nature of land charges LandlordWhen a Landlord wants to take a Property back into his Possession Legal considerations when assigning a lease on a property What is the procedure to evict a tenant What is a lodger? Are they classified as 'sub-tenants'? What rights do they have? Does a lodger affect council tax? Protecting a tenants deposit, rights laid out in tenancy agreements, landlords repairing obligations, non paying tenants. What obligations exist under the Code of Practice for leasing business premises in England and Wales? What is a 'Notice to Quit.' What are its contents? Section 8 Notice and Section 21 Notice. Selling a Property with Sitting Tenants What if I have inherited a property with a sitting tenant? How does a sitting tenant affect the selling process? The Law regarding Squatters and Adverse Possession Adverse possession is the process by which the title of land is transferred to another without the permission of the paper owner Squatters and the Law regarding their removal What you can do upon discovering a squatter. The law regarding their removal. Empty and abandoned properties. PropertyBuying the freehold of a leasehold flat Importance of extension and enfranchisement, Qualifying conditions for buying the freehold, Individual and collective enfranchisement. Buying property with view to extend Planning procedures when extending property Charging Orders relating to Property What are the advantages and disadvantages of a charging order? How to apply for a charging order and an over view of the process. Commercial Property Lease and Break Clauses The Use of Break Clauses in Commercial Property Leases – issues to consider What is a 'Deed of Confirmation'? How can one be obtained? What about any inaccuracies in the document? Conflict with Neighbours: Action You Can Take If You Have Disagreements with Your Neighbours What is the reason for most disputes? How can any conflict be managed? Significance of constructive trusts What is conveyancing procedure? Pre-contract searches and enquiries, Standard requisitions and pre-completion searches Conveyancing – Leasehold Title: Good and Absolute Leasehold as opposed to Freehold, Rights and Responsibilities, Title, Registry, Administration. Creating an Express Trust: The Basics Certainties, Formalities, Express trust, Constructive trust, Resulting trust, Statutory trust, Testator Energy Performance Certificates What is an Energy Performance Certificate and when will one be required? What is the process of being evicted because you are not paying your mortgage? Failure to Complete a Property Deal What happens if I suffer financial difficulties and fail to properly conclude a property deal? Failure to Complete a Property Deal: the Implications What happens if I suffer financial difficulties and fail to properly conclude a property deal? The law surrounding family property and family assets My neighbour’s hedge is very high. Is there anything I can do about it? What is a home information pack and how was this used in the sale of a house? Are there any legal issues which I should be aware of when entering into a home exchange? What is a 'Lock Out Agreement'? When do they need to be used? What to do if you cannot afford to pay your mortgage. Rights of the mortgagee to title deeds or charge certificate Rights of the mortgagor: the mortgagor’s right to redeem What is mortgage fraud and when does it occur? The legal issues with new build propery. What requires planning permission and what does not. Where and how do I apply? Property ownership and planning permission. When is an Order for Sale used? How is an Order for Sale obtained? Relationships giving rise to a presumption of advancement; Relationships where no presumption of advancement arises Land boundaries, fences, trees and bushes, access, Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors. A means of creating proprietary interests; Establishing a claim by way of proprietary estoppel; Scope of proprietary estoppel Rebutting a Presumption of Advancement Evidence required to rebut a presumption of advancement As a homeowner am I running the risk of repossession? What is a Restrictive Covenant? What types of Restrictive Covenant exist? Finding out whether land is affected. Retention of Funds by a Solicitor in a Property Transaction What does it mean when your solicitor says they will retain funds in a property transaction? Stranger who takes it upon himself to Act as a Trustee A trustee de son tort, Strangers as trustees; Trustees, Strangers, Remedies Strangers who assist a Breach of Trust Primary liability, a personal remedy, Requirements of an accessory liability Timeshares and Related Legislation Timeshare Agreement, the Timeshare Act, When will the Act apply, obligations under the Act What you should do if you cannot find your title deeds. Trust: the different types of Trusts The nature of trusts and trust types TenantsCan a couple cohabiting buy a property together? What other options do they have? The rights of cohabiting couples. Joint Tenancy: Protection Against Eviction When Sharing Accommodation What are joint tenancies? What protection is offered by the law to all occupants? What should be in a tenancy agreement? The purpose of a tenancy agreement. Kinds of tenancy agreement. What should it include? Tenancy in common or joint tenancy, inheritance tax benefits of becoming tenants in common. What are Tenancy Deposit Schemes? How does the law affect them? What is required of a landlord? How do they protect tenants' deposits? Tenants whose Landlords are in Mortgage Arrears If a tenant has been paying their rent but their landlord is in mortgage arrears can they face eviction? A number of bodies have the right to enter your home in certain circumstances, this article looks at them in more detail. Law StudentsWhat is the route to becoming a solicitor? The Legal Practice Course (LPC), specialisation, law firms, partners. Becoming a Solicitor without a university degree How can you become a solicitor without going to university? This is done by qualifying as a Legal Executive with the Institute of Legal Executives How will my student loan repayments be made?, Payment Calculation, When will the repayments begin? The GDL or Law Conversion Course Can you still become a solicitor or barrister without a law degree? What is the GDL or Law Conversion Course? What are the entry requirements? Media LawThe Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and its role in regulating advertising Aggravate Trespass and Photographers Trespass, Aggravated Trespass, photographers, film crews Broadcasting: Regulation of Television and Radio Media Office of Communications, What is meant by the Office of Communications?, Specific Duties of Ofcom Classification of Films and Videos Classification of video works under the Video Recordings Act 1984 What is the Contempt of Court Act? Section 11 of the contempt of court Act 1981. Contempt of Court, What is meant by Contempt of Court? What needs to be shown to prove contempt of court? Defamation laws, libel, slander, repeating libellous claims, libel and the internet Defamation of Election Candidates What is the Law on False Statements and Defamation about Election Candidates? How it can be a criminal offence Juries in libel cases, Definitions of defamation used by judges, Disagreements over definitions of defamation, Libel and Slander Defence of Fair Dealing in Copyright Law Fair dealing and the use of photographs, fair dealing and criticism or review What are the legal restrictions on publishing exit polls during elections? Football Fixtures being Listed on your Website Can I reproduce Football Association Premier League fixtures on my website? Obscene, Indecent or Racially or Religiously Offensive Material and the freedom to express it. The Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the statutory right to access information which is held by pubic authorities Legal Challenges under the Broadcasting Act Can Legal Challenge be brought against the UK’s decision to list specific events under the Broadcasting Act? Malicious Falsehoods and Slander Slander, malicious falsehoods, slander of goods and title. Privacy and Electronic Communications Legislative framework, security, confidentiality, location data, billing, automatic call forwarding The Risk of Media Identification of Crime Suspects Identifying crime suspects, dangers of the inference of guilt, ACPO guidelines on police naming crime suspects, Queen’s Bench 1991 ruling Media Identification of Individuals assisting the Police The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, informant and witness protection from media identification, the Coroners and Justice Bill 2009 Does media law differ in Northern Ireland from England and Wales? Official Secrets Act 1911 & 1989, Official Information, What is meant by Official Information, Protected Categories of Information Police and Photographers: Conflict on the Street Street trouble, press photographers, citizen photographers, obstructing the highway, obstructing the police Privacy Considerations for Photography and Filming Photography, filming, paparazzi, the Press Complaints Commission Code of Practice, and Protection Against Harassment Protection of journalists' sources Journalistic Sources. What is meant by a Journalistic Source? Why are they offered protection? Protecting your Privacy from unwanted communications How should I get rid of intrusive phone calls, e-mails, text messages and faxes? Regulation and self-regulation of the media Statutory regulation of broadcast journalism by Ofcom, BBC Editorial Guidelines, Press Complaints Commission and the Editor’s Code Reporting on Spent Criminal Convictions Does the law place any restrictions on reporting on an individual's criminal convictions once they have become spent? Sports Stars and Publication in the Media Can the media report anything in relation to sporting stars? Terrorism Act 2000: Section 44 searches and Photographers Police powers under section 44 of Terrorism Act 2000, use of section 44 powers against photographers The release of prosecution material to the media Prosecution material released to media, 2005 Crown Prosecution Service protocol, public interest in court cases Restrictions on Reporting, The Open Court Rule, Can hearings be held in Private? Does the Human Rights Act have a part to play? The Self Regulation of the Press Self Regulation, Press Standards Board of Finance, Functions, Press Complaints Commission What are the offences which can be committed under the Video Recordings Act? Computers and the InternetAvoiding disability discrimination on a website What are the legal problems associated with archiving of internet resources Publisher’s defence, identifying a wrongdoer, Law Commission report.Development of the law, Registered Designs Act 1949, current position. Legal issues to be aware of when making a website Electronic Communications Offences Intercepting communications, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act, exceptions in private communications networks, Communications Act 2003 Fraud in Information and Communications Technology Offences under the Fraud Act 2006, false representations, phishing, pharming, failure to disclose information Unauthorised access with intent to commit a further offence, If found guilty of computer hacking will I be liable for criminal prosecution? What are internet lottery scams and what should I do if I become the subject of one? What information should I provide when setting up an internet privacy policy for my website? Harassment offences applied to email, defences, aggravated harassment by email, civil remedies Social Networking Sites and Personal Information When I sign up for social networking sites such as Facebook will my personal information be able to be viewed by other organisations? Software Development Agreements Software development agreement, software, bespoke, testing, intellectual property, estimates Unauthorised Access to Computer Material Computer Misuse Act 1990, unauthorised access by employees, authorised access for unauthorised purposes. Unauthorised Modification of Computer Programs or Data Computer Misuse Act 1990, the old s3 offence of unauthorised modification, unsolicited emails MotoringWhat is classified as an abandoned vehicle? Nuisance vehicles. Do the council have an obligation to remove abandoned vehicles? Aggravating and mitigating circumstances in motoring offences What aggravating and mitigating factors will the courts consider following a conviction for a motor offence? When will mitigating circumstances apply? When will the court consider any ‘special reasons’ relating to an offence and what powers does the court have in this instance? When can I be breath tested? What happens if I refuse a breath test? How much alcohol can you drink before going over the limit? Breath Tests: Failing to Provide a Sample Failing to Provide Sample for Analysis (Breath Tests) What constitutes what is often referred to as 'driving without due care and attention' and what penalties can a court impose? Code of Practice of the Motoring Industry What individuals are covered by the code and what does it deal with? Claiming against the driver at fault after a RTA How to claim against the at-fault party insurers. Legal Expenses Cover, What to do with your vehicle damage, Making a personal injury claim What are the laws in the UK in relation to the legal clamping of cars? What effect does diabetes have on the criminal law (motoring)? Having a disability does not essentially mean that you cannot or will not be permitted to drive and schemes are in place to provide assistance. When will obligatory and discretionary disqualifications apply? What are drink driving cases and high risk offenders? How does the penalty points system use disqualification from driving, and for what periods? The defendant can seek to claim that he had special reasons for driving over the limit and other defences What are the legal requirements? Licence and insurance. Navigation and maps. Road rules. Driving whilst disqualified, Road Traffic Act 1988, Set period and/or until test passed, Legal definitions of driving Do I have to have insurance to drive a car in the UK? What is drug driving? Testing for drug driving. Prosecution for driving under the influence of drugs. The penalties for drug driving. Endorsable and non-endorsable penalties, offences that carry fixed penalties, fine levels. How to appeal against sentence for a motoring offence What does appealing against a motoring offence involve? What are most appeals based on? Can I go to the Crown Court? How to make an insurance claim after a road accident? What is the law in relation to using a mobile phone whilst driving? What is the MIB? What are its legal responsibilities? Making a claim to the MIB Nuisance Parking and Abandoned Vehicles What is meant by Nuisance Parking?, The Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005, Exposing Vehicles for Sale on a Road What are the legal protocols after a RTA. Road Traffic Accident Compensation Who can make a claim for personal injury caused by a road accident? Speed Cameras and Speeding Tickets How to avoid the cameras. What can you do if you receive a speeding ticket? Calibration of equipment. What is the position against the use of speed cameras in the United Kingdom and are there questions over their legality? Full details of how the scheme operates. What protection does the Vehicle Builders and Repairers Association offer consumers. PersonalEuthanasia, UK Law, Suicide Act 1961, sentencing, active and passive euthanasia, medically assisted suicide What constitutes a 'Breach of Confidence?' What defence are possible? The public interest reason. Changing your name (Deed Poll) Why change your name, what is a Deed Poll, how to change your name by Deed Poll, updating records after changing your name by. Jurisdiction, Assessing capacity, Making an application. What is damage to your reputation? Defamation and defences against a claim of defamation. What is the Data Protection Act? How does it affect me? How to see what information is held about you and have incorrect information changed. How to make sure what happens to your body after you die? Detention under the Mental Health Act Anyone aged eighteen and above may be detained in a psychiatric hospital if the person has one of the mental disorders listed in Mental Health What are your human rights? What can you if they are breached? The Human Rights Act 1998 Image Rights: is there a right to protect your image? Image and UK law, trade mark, passing off, false endorsement, advertising, Independent Television Commission Mental Capacity and Power of Attorney What happens if someone loses the capacity to make important decisions due to some form of impairment? What is power of attorney, types of power of attorney, who to give power of attorney to, why would you need power of attorney. Types of protective order, breaches of protective orders, aggravating factors, mitigating factors Individual self defence in the UK. Under what circumstances can self-defence be used? How can force in self-defence be carried out? What rights exist in relation to the surveillance of private individuals? Torture and the European Convention on Human Rights An individuals' right not to be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Trespass to the person, assault, battery, false imprisonment, self-defence, consent, necessity Personal Injury and Clinical NegligenceClinical NegligenceWhat type of actions can be construed as Dental Negligence? How difficult is it to fight and win a dental negligence case? How the health service ombudsman can help me? Medical Negligence and the Loss of Chance Medical negligence, negligence, causation, compensation, injury What consists of clinical negligence? What are the possible outcomes? Civil claims or criminal prosecution. Complaining about NHS treatment. Grievances about unprofessional service, poor service, or maladministration with regard to treatment. Vibration White Finger/Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome Vibration White Finger (VWF), Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS), symptoms, and the law Personal InjuryArmed Forces Compensation Claims How can I make a claim for compensation due to an injury suffered as part of my employment in the military? What is asbestos? How does it cause disease? What treatments is available? Claiming compensation for personal injuries sustained when abroad Can I make a personal injury claim if I sustained an injury while overseas? Compensation Claims for Injuries Suffered in a Public Place How can I make a compensation claim for an injury suffered in a public place? Complaints about Private Health Care How to complain about a private health treatment? Criminal Injuries Compensation Compensation for the victims of crime. Who are the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA)? How do the CICA makes their decisions? Defences against Personal Injury Claims What are the possible defences against personal injury claims? The duty of care in negligence as a concept What are they? What money are you entitled to claim - benefits and compensation. Injuries sustained through Criminal Attacks Have you been injured in a violent criminal attack? Your employer's responsibility, illness and the environment, negligence, and making a compensation claim Limitation periods on making personal injury claims Personal Injury, Limitation Act 1980, Three years Limitation, Date of Knowledge Exception to the Limitation rule. Making a Personal Injury Claim How to make a personal injury claim? Nervous Shock, Negligence, Primary Victim, Secondary Victim, Members of the Emergency Services Personal Injury Compensation: A guide to payouts Personal Injuries, compensation claims, how much will I get in compensation? How are most caused? What is the prognosis? The benefits and compensation you may be entitled to receive. What is whiplash and how does it occur? How long will it last? How to claim compensation? How much will I get? Sports LawAffirmation of contracts in Sport Sponsorship contracts in sport The law in relation to the purchase and use of airguns in the UK Sponsorship, Consumption at Sports Grounds, Complete ban on alcohol advertising , Alcohol consumption Allocation of sporting tickets How are allocations of tickets governed for major sporting events? Ambush Marketing and Event Sponsorship Corporate Sponsorship, Ambush Marketing, Examples of ambush marketing, Legal protection Ambush Marketing and the Olympic Games The London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006, Schedule 4, The Olympic Symbol (Protection) Act 1995 Cancellation of Sporting Events Cancellation of a sporting event, agreement for hosting, reasons an event may be cancelled Cancellation of a sporting event Claiming Compensation for Sports Injuries Sports Injuries, Liability Insurance, Loss of earnings or other financial loss, Claiming for Damages Fair Play and the Protection of Children and Young People in Sport Collective Bargaining Agreements and Sport What are collective bargaining agreements and how are they used in Sport? The Court of Arbitration for Sport Court of Arbitration for Sport, Functions, Disputes, Agreement in Writing, Procedures, Law, Appeals Criminal Acts during a sporting contest Offences against the person, Criteria to establish in the sporting context, Consent Can a disabled athlete compete in a sport for able bodied individuals? As an athlete am I subject to any sanctions Will an athlete who is caught using performance enhancing substances be guilty of a criminal offence? Article 11 WADA Code, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), Football Association of Wales, UEFA, cycling, athletics What are the links between Education and Sport? Endorsement contracts in sport Legal issues involved with endorsing sports stars or sports teams. European Sports Charter, Aims of the Charter, Recommendations Exclusive Hospitality at Sporting Events Hospitality, Exclusive Hospitality, On-Site versus off-site hospitality Exemptions for sports such as football from competition rules Free Movement of Firearms for Sporting Purposes Free Movement of Goods, Temporary importation of goods, Elimination of all administration documents Free Movement of Horses for Sporting Purposes Elimination of all administration documents, Minimum Health Requirements, Quarantine Measures, Safeguarding and Improving Breeding The issue of gender in sport, Competitive Advantage and Genetic Differences, Gender ambiguities Government involvement in Sport When is it appropriate for the Government to become involved in the organisation of Sport? Government involvement over hosting the Olympics How is the government involved in the hosting of the Olympics? Hosting International Sporting Events International Sporting Event, Olympic Games, Football World Cup, Bidding Process, Paralympic Games What is the law in the UK in relation to the sport of fox hunting? The International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee is the supreme authority for the Olympic Movement. This article looks at the IOC in more detail. Liability for Doping Offences under WADA Code Can athlete support personnel be held liable for a doping offence under the WADA Code? Match fixing and the fixing of results What is meant by match fixing, Match Fixing in the Professional sports arena, Rules set by the Governing Body, Penalties Money Laundering in Sport and the Financial Action Task Force Can the participants in a sport be held liable for negligent acts which they commit while playing the sport? Olympic games affecting other sporting events The hosting requirements and how they can affect other sporting events. What is the law in the UK and what should I be aware of? Resolving Sporting Disputes in the UK through Independent Arbitration Independent Arbitration, Sports Dispute Resolution Panel / Sport Resolutions, Who brings disputes before Sport Resolutions Sponsorship Agreements is Sport Sponsorship Agreements, Key Terms to be included, Issues arising out of sponsorship agreements Requirements for Sports Coaching Sport and the Law, the European Model of Sport, Government Agencies involved in Sport General Terms and Conditions Ticket Touting at Sporting Events Football Fixtures, the Olympic Games, the Fraud Act, Sentencing, the Proceeds of Crime Act Timing of major events such as the Olympics or world cup. The Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002, EU Directive on Tobacco Advertising and Sponsorship, UK tobacco industry expenditure Unofficial promotion of goods in sporting events Legality of ambush marketing at sports venues Unofficial merchandise, Club Badge, Club Name, Club Nickname, Group of players, Individual player Why do I need a VISA card to buy Olympic tickets How can I only use a VISA card to buy tickets for the 2012 games? FootballArrangement of international football matches Can private companies organise international matches? Conditions and prices charged to away supporters depending on the football club supported Bans on international football teams Can a government ban an international football team from playing? How to become a football referee The Bosman Decision and the Movement of Footballers between Clubs Bosman Case, Article 39 EC Treaty, Effects of the Decision, Home-grown players rule. Can I be prosecuted for chanting at football matches? Coaching qualifications for football coaches Requirements for football coaches Are football players able to unilaterally break their existing contract with their football club? What happens if an individual makes a claim regarding corruption in sport and most notably football? Corruption in football transfers Corruption in player transfers between clubs Dual Ownership of Football Clubs Can the same individual own two football clubs at the same time? Failing to play a football player his wages How does it happen and is it legal for a footballer to go unpaid. Takeovers of a football club by the fans How do I become a football agent? Football Agents and their Fiduciary Duty Do football agents owe any fiduciary duties to their clients? Football Agents and their Regulation What are the implications following FIFA’s recent claims that the current regime surrounding the regulation of football agents is not working? Football Agents and Transfers of Players Can a football agent represent both a football player and a particular club in a transfer situation involving that player? What powers does the FA Premier League have over the Football Association? Football banning order, Football (Offences and Disorder) Act 1999, Public Order Act 1986, Football Spectators Act, Violent Crime Reduction Act Football Clubs and the Insolvency Act Football Clubs going into administration and becoming insolvent Football clubs playing in private When can clubs be forced to play behind closed doors? Footballers Approaching other Clubs Whilst still under Contract Is it illegal for a football club to approach a player directly who is under contract with another football club? Can a professional footballer decide to play for free? European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events, Prevention Football Supporters' Federation Role of the supporters' federation Footballers tools of the trade What is meant by the term and what legal difficulties can arise What is it's purpose and what issues does it deal with. Football Quotas and the Home Grown Player Rule Can the football authorities limit the amount of foreign players playing for specific clubs in specific football competitions? Football Season Tickets and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations Football Season Ticket, Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations, Application of Legislation The Hillsborough Disaster, Taylor Report, Football Spectators Act, Requirements in and around stadiums. Football Stadiums Planning Permission The legalities of building a new football stadium. FIFA, The FIFA Disciplinary Committee, Court of Arbitration for Sport, Transfer Bans Foreign Ownership of Football Clubs Legal issues involved with foreign investment in football clubs. Goal Line Technology in Football What is goal line technology and what are the implications if it is introduced. Will there be a Great Britain football team participating in the 2012 Olympic Games? Governing bodies in breach of the act by abusing the rights of players Live Streaming of Football Matches Online Is it illegal to stream live football matches on the internet? Losing players due to injury in international matches Football clubs compensation for loss of player from international football injuries Regulations governing the movement of football players between clubs in a season. Movement of managers between clubs Football managers and the free movement of labour What are the requirements for owning a football club? Parachute Payments in the FA Premier League Payment to football clubs for playing the the premier league Legality of paying injured players and other pay as you play arrangements Premier League Football Matches on Television Premier League to be played between 3 and 5 pm on a Saturday afternoon are not legally allowed to be shown on television Premier league running the National team Could the premier league run the English national team? Is it possible to change the current format of the FA Premier League? Can the law intervene to prevent cases of abuse in football? Referees and the Referees' Association What is the Referees' Association and what are the benefits of membership? Referees and Conduct towards them Can both players and football clubs be punished for their conduct in relation to referees? Refusal to Play in Match or Tournament Can sporting governing bodies impose sanctions on teams who do not appear in a match or a tournament which they are scheduled to play in? What is meant by a salary cap in Sport and would this ever be used in English football? Selling Premiership Television Rights and EU law Football Association Premier League, Television Rights, Collective Selling versus joint selling, Competition Law, Premier League commitments Sponsorship of Football Teams and Football kits Regulations governing sponsoring football teams. Sponsorship of international football teams Why is there no sponsorship on the football shirts? Legality of the rule under the Insolvency Act Third Party Ownership of footballers Registration of Football Players, Third Party Player Ownership, FA and FA Premier League Rules, FIFA Rules Ticket Touting, Legislation, Sentencing, Internet Ticket Touting, The World Cup What are the potential legal issues surrounding the football transfer window? UEFA and European Football Clubs Do European Football Clubs have a voice in the decisions made by the European Governing Body of Football? UEFA Financial Fair Play Proposals What are the UEFA Financial Fair Play Proposals and what affect will they have on football clubs? Using Footballers' names in video games What is the legal position on using a football player's name in a computer game? Verbal Offers of Contract to Footballers Can a verbal contract be legally binding? Powers of the police in preventing violence in football matches. Work Permits for Football Players What requirements are there for international footballers to have work permits? Youtube Showing Premier League Games Copyright infringement of Football footage Welfare and BenefitsThe Attendance Allowance: Help for the severely disabled What is attendance allowance, qualification for attendance allowance, daytime and night-time disability conditions, and rates Committing benefit fraud, penalties, different types, and suspects The Disability Living Allowance What is the DLA? Making claims, allowance rates, extra benefits, and age limits Who is eligible? How do I apply and what documents do I need? What is income support? Who is eligible? How is it calculated? What can a person receive? What is legal aid and who is eligible for legal aid? The Independent Living Fund or ILF What is the ILF? Do I qualify and how can I apply? Group 1 and group 2 claims. Public Funding for Criminal Cases Public funding, Criminal cases, Representation, Magistrates court, Legal aid, Access to justice Wills and ProbateCertainty of intention: A requirement when creating an express trust The first requirement of the three certainties is the certainty of intention Certainty of Objects: A Requirement to create an express trust Fixed Trust, Discretionary Trust, Certainty of Objects, trust property, Administrative unworkability Certainty of Subject Matter: A requirement when creating an express trust The requirement of subject matter is one of the three certainties (requirements) that has to be present for an express trust to be valid Costs of challenging a will, Grounds for challenge, What makes an invalid will? Improper procedure, Personal circumstances What is a Codicil? What is its effect on an existing Will? Revoking a Will, When is a Will revoked? On what grounds can a will be contested? Changing a will after death. When can a deed of variation be used and is it reliable? The duties of trustees of discretionary trusts Power of disposition, Sale of the freehold reversion, Sale of the lease by the tenant Dying intestate, Rule of Intestate, Single, Divorced or Widowed, Unmarried couples, Married with no children Enforcing a trust: enforcing fully constituted trusts and enforcing incompletely constituted trusts Have you been made an executor by the deceased? The formalities of an express trust Trusts in land/ personality, Testator, beneficiary, formalities, equitable interest A will may be invalid if these formalities are not followed. Grants: The Types of Grant and who can apply Grant of Probate, Grant of Simple Administration, Grant of Letters of Administration with the Will annexed, persons entitled to take out the grant. Making a dependency claim Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 Making a Claim, Categories of persons who can apply for reasonable financial provision, Court considerations in assessing application A living will is not a will which we understand in the normal sense, but an ‘advance statement’ or ‘directive’ Why make a will, writing a will, changing a will What is a mutual will? Things to include in a mutual will. Making a mutual will. What is Probate? Do I need a Grant of Representation? Applying for a Grant of Probate, Applying for Probate when there is no will. Reasonable Financial Provision and the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 Reasonable Financial Provision under the Inheritance Act 1975 Reform of Presumed Resulting Trusts The presumption of resulting trusts does no more than call for proof of an intention to confer beneficial ownership What are resulting trusts? Distinguishing resulting and constructive trusts, Rationale of resulting trusts What does the revocation of a will actually mean? Rights of beneficiaries of discretionary trusts A proprietary interest in the fund, A proprietary right for the class as a whole, A proprietary right for individual beneficiaries What are the rules of intestacy? Powers of the personal representatives, Entitlement of spouses, Civil partners Rules Against Perpetuities and Accumulations What effect has recent legislation had on these rules? An Introduction to Secret Trusts Fully secret trust, Half-secret trust, Secret trustee, Legacy Appointing replacement and additional trustees Should I make a will even if I am not married or do not have children? |
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